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The Fairmont Waterfront Hotel, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada – October 16, 2005 This online CME activity is based on the symposium "Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Focus on Managing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors" held at the 2005 Annual Scientific Meeting of NAASO, The Obesity Society, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Persons who attended the symposium are NOT eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ for completing this enduring material. Please note that the course is accredited only for physicians (MD, DO, or equivalent). All other participants receive a certificate of completion. In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Essential Areas and Policies regarding commercial support, participants are advised that 1 or more presentations in this continuing medical education activity may contain references to off-label or unapproved uses of drugs or devices. Participants should note that the use of these agents outside current approved labeling is considered experimental and are advised to consult prescribing information for these products. This CME activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Essential Areas and Policies.
Learning Objectives After completing this activity, participants should be able to
Accreditation and Designation of Credit The Network for Continuing Medical Education (NCME) is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. NCME designates this educational activity for a maximum of 2 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Disclosure Policy NCME requires that CME faculty disclose, during the planning of an activity, the existence of any personal financial or other relationships they or their spouses/partners have with the commercial supporter of the activity or with the manufacturer of any commercial product or service discussed in the activity. Off-label Discussion This CME activity may include discussions regarding the use of medications that may be outside of the approved labeling for these products. Physicians should consult the current prescribing information for these products. NCME requires faculty members to disclose that a product is not yet labeled for the use under discussion or to state that the product is still investigational. Faculty Disclosures and Biographies Louis J. Aronne, MD, FACP Louis J. Aronne, MD, FACP, is a clinical professor of medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University and has an adjunct appointment at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. A leading authority on obesity and its treatment, Dr Aronne also is director of the Comprehensive Weight Control Program, a state-of-the-art, multidisciplinary obesity research and treatment program at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. In addition, he is president of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity and a fellow of the American College of Physicians. Dr Aronne has authored or coauthored more than 40 papers and book chapters on obesity and edited the National Institutes of Health's Practical Guide to the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. He also is a consultant to the VA Weight Management/Physical Activity Executive Council. Dr Aronne has lectured widely on obesity management at national medical society meetings and medical institutions. In addition, he has served as principal investigator or coinvestigator for a number of industry-supported research studies. A graduate of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Trinity College with a BS in biochemistry. Dr Aronne has won several awards for medical teaching, including the Leo M. Davidoff Society Prize from Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Elliot Hochstein Teaching Award from Weill Medical College of Cornell University. He also is a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. Steven M. Haffner, MD Steven M. Haffner, MD, is a professor of medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. Board certified in internal medicine, and in endocrinology and metabolism, Dr Haffner received his undergraduate degree cum laude from Columbia University in New York, his medical degree from Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, and his master of public health degree in epidemiology from the University of Washington.
Dr Haffner is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Epidemiology and is an active member of many other professional organizations, including the American Academy of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Heart Association, American Society for Clinical Investigation, and the Endocrine Society. He also is a member of the editorial boards of Circulation and Diabetes.
In 1997, Dr Haffner received the Kelly West Award from the American Diabetes Association; in 2004, he was the recipient of the Josiah Brown Lectureship of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. In addition, he has been awarded honorary memberships in the Argentine Diabetes Association, the Austrian Diabetes Association, and the Slovak Diabetes Association.
Dr Haffner’s main research interests focus on the relationships between insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He has written more than 350 scientific articles and dozens of book chapters addressing these issues and is a frequently invited speaker, both nationally and internationally. Dr Haffner has devoted a large part of his research efforts toward investigating the relationship between insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion as a factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Mexican Americans. He observed that nondiabetic Mexican Americans are insulin resistant, which may account for their high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Among his many professional achievements, Dr Haffner wrote the American Diabetes Association’s technical review on diabetic dyslipidemia, which suggested that type 2 diabetes be considered a coronary heart disease equivalent. This hypothesis was eventually accepted by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III), for which Dr Haffner was a consultant. Dr Haffner also helped establish that the prediabetic state is atherogenic.
Dr Haffner has been a member of the Data Safety and Monitoring Board for 2 major trials for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the ACCORD trial and the SANDS trial (serving as chair). He has also served on or led steering committees for several NIH-funded projects, including the Diabetes Prevention Program, Look AHEAD (investigating the long-term health effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease in diabetic subjects), and the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Dr Haffner has also served on and chaired study sections and has been a member of many advisory boards for the NIH.
Michael D. Jensen, MD Michael D. Jensen, MD, is a professor of medicine in the Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota. He also is a consultant in the Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition and the chair/director of the Obesity Treatment Clinic at the Mayo Clinic. Dr Jensen’s primary clinical and research interests are in the areas of obesity and diabetes. His research has focused on the influence of body fat distribution, epinephrine, estrogen, diet, and other factors on free fatty acid metabolism. Recently, Dr Jensen received a MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) award from the NIH to continue his studies in the area of free fatty acid metabolism in different types of obesity. Dr Jensen serves on NIH and Mayo Clinic and Foundation scientific review panels and has contributed to professional associations, both by committee work and in elected office. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the North American Association for the Study of Obesity and a past president of the latter. He also is a member of many medical organizations, including the American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Physiological Society, American Society for Clinical Nutrition/American Institute of Nutrition, American Society for Clinical Investigation, and the Endocrine Society. In addition, he is a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, the American Board of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, and the National Board of Medical Examiners. He has published more than 120 original research articles and more than 30 invited papers and book chapters on various aspects of obesity and diabetes.
F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD, MPH F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD, MPH, is a professor of medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and a professor of applied physiology at Columbia Teachers College, both in New York City. At St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, he serves as chief of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and is director of the New York Obesity Research Center. Dr Pi-Sunyer is also a senior attending physician at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital and New York-Presbyterian Hospital.
After receiving his BA degree in 1955 from Oberlin College, Dr Pi-Sunyer went on to obtain his MD degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1963, he was granted his MPH from Harvard University School of Public Health.
Dr Pi-Sunyer’s research focuses primarily on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, obesity, and diabetes. Recently, he chaired the committee of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute that researched and defined the federal government’s new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of obesity. He has served as president of the American Diabetes Association, the American Society for Clinical Nutrition, and the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO), as well as councilor of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. In addition, he was a fellow of the Fogarty International Center of the NIH and a member of the Institute of Medicine’s Task Forces on Medical Nutrition Therapy and on Dietary Reference Intakes on Macronutrients. He served on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee and is currently a member of the FDA Science Board Advisory Committee.
A distinguished member of many national medical and academic societies, Dr Pi-Sunyer has dedicated more than 25 years of service to the American Diabetes Association, serving as president (1992-1993) and chairing numerous committees at the national, regional, and local levels. In 1993, he was awarded the Banting Medal for Service from the Association. He has also served on numerous committees for the American Heart Association, as a member of the Council and Executive Committee of the Council on Nutrition and Physical Activity, and as chair of the Obesity Committee.
Dr Pi-Sunyer’s career has taken him beyond the borders of the United States, beginning with his postdoctoral training in England and Nigeria with fellowships in the areas of endocrinology and clinical nutrition. As a fellow, invited speaker, visiting professor, and participant in numerous boards and task forces, Dr Pi-Sunyer is recognized as an international authority in his field. He received the Stunkard Prize for Research from NAASO and was designated doctor honoris causa by the University of Barcelona. He is also a fellow of numerous international academic societies.
A prolific writer, Dr Pi-Sunyer has written more than 300 articles for international peer-reviewed journals and the lay press, and has contributed chapters to more than 100 medical texts. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Obesity and from 1995-2000 served as editor of Obesity Research. He also is a journal referee for 20 other professional journals. Steven R. Smith, MD Steven R. Smith, MD, is an associate professor, Division of Endocrinology, and the director of the Inpatient Metabolic Unit, at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. A graduate of the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas, Dr Smith was the recipient of a clinical fellowship in endocrinology and metabolism awarded by the Ochsner Medical Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. Currently, he is president of the Leadership Council of the American Diabetes Association. He also is a member of Alpha Omega Alpha, the American College of Physicians, the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, the American Society for Nutritional Services, the Endocrine Society, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and Psi Chi, the national honor society in psychology. Dr Smith’s research interests center on identifying the biogenetic, biomolecular, and endocrinologic mechanisms underlying obesity, the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. He recently received a grant from the NIH to investigate the effect of menopause on obesity, energy balance, and insulin. In addition, he has served as principal investigator or coinvestigator for a number of industry-supported research studies focusing on obesity. He also is coinventor of a method for identifying and treating insulin-resistant individuals who are responsive to antioxidant therapy. A recognized opinion leader, Dr Smith has published numerous original research articles and book chapters and has frequently presented his research findings at major national medical society meetings. He also serves as an ad hoc reviewer for a number of prestigious medical journals, including Circulation, Diabetes, Diabetologia, Human Reproduction, the International Journal of Obesity, the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, and the New England Journal of Medicine. Instructions to Participants Course participants must view all audio/slide/video presentations and complete the course evaluation in order to receive continuing medical education credit. No fees are charged to participate in the program or to receive the certificate. Full instructions are available on the user instructions page. Disclaimer The opinions expressed herein are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of the grantor, accrediting body, or publisher. Please review complete prescribing information of specific drugs or combinations of drugs, including indications, contraindications, warnings, and adverse effects, before administering pharmacologic therapy to patients. Medicine is a constantly changing science, and clearly established therapies are not always available for every condition. New research findings necessitate continual changes in drug and treatment therapies. Reasonable efforts have been made to provide up-to-date, accurate information that is within generally accepted medical standards at the time of publication. However, as medical science is ever evolving, and human error is always possible, the grantor, accrediting body, and publisher (or any other involved party) do not guarantee total accuracy or comprehensiveness of the information in this article, and they are not responsible for omissions or errors, or the results of using information provided in this course. Participants should confirm the accuracy of the information in this activity from other sources. In particular, all drug doses, indications, and contraindications should be confirmed in package inserts. Click here to view minimum system requirements.
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